If you are looking for endosulfan UPSC, you must go ahead to read this article. You can be asked about this topic in the preliminary round of the UPSC CSE paper or even in the interview. You must be completely prepared to answer it precisely. So, go through the summary of this topic.
Endosulfan is an organochlorine insect powder and pesticide that’s being phased out globally because of its acute toxicity. In 2011, the Stockholm Convention initiated a worldwide ban on the manufacture and use of this chemical as a result of its threats to the surroundings and human health. It’s extremely deadly and incorporates a giant potential for bioaccumulation. It’s additionally an endocrine disruptor.
In India, a 2011 Supreme judicial writ has prohibited its production and sale till more notice. To know the most recent current affairs for UPSC 2022, follow this article.
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Use of Endosulfan UPSC
Endosulfan has multiple roles and usages. Endosulfan is primarily used as an insect powder in agriculture, and it’s conjointly used as a wood preservative. It’s used totally on food crops like tea, fruits, vegetables, and grains. It’s used against cabbage worms, whiteflies, leafhoppers, aphids, and Colorado potato beetles.
Because of its distinctive mode of action, it’s helpful in resistance management; but, because it isn’t specific, it will negatively impact populations of helpful insects. It is, however, thought of to be moderately venomous to honey bees, and it’s less venomous to bees than insect powder pesticides. It can be further used in many other significant areas. Its effects are given below.
Endosulfan Effects – UPSC Notes
If you are preparing for the UPSC exam, let’s have a look at the effects of endosulfan.
#. Toxicity: it’s extremely neurotoxic to each insect and mammal. Acute endosulfan poisoning causes symptoms like disorder, convulsions, tremors, staggering, lack of coordination, nausea, vomiting, respiratory issue, diarrhoea, and conjointly cognitive state. Some low doses can even cause death in humans or permanent brain harm.
#. Endocrine Destruction: It is believed to be an endocrine destructor due to its effects. Studies have shown that it causes internal secretion disruption and procreative and developmental toxicity.
#. Reproductive and organic process effects: Endosulfan adversely affects human development. Several villages in Kasargod District of Kerala are impacted severely owing to the exclusive use of endosulfan as a chemical for an amount of virtually twenty years. This chemical component was also given to the cashew plantations in different villages. Researchers found that exposed boys from the villages had high levels of endosulfan in their bodies, lower levels of androgen, and have delayed sexual maturity. Studies in California have found that pregnant ladies exposed to the current chemical are additionally possible to allow birth to unfit kids.
#. Cancer: though not conclusive supported by any study, it’s believed that endosulfan will promote the proliferation of human breast cancer cells.
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Facts of Endosulfan for UPSC Preparation
Now, let’s acknowledge and understand the most important facts about this chemical component. Learn how it is searched and produced. Endosulfan may be a by-product of hexachlorocyclopentadiene and is chemically the same as aldrin, chlordane, and heptachlor.
Specifically, it’s created by the Diels-Alder reaction of hexachlorocyclopentadiene with cis-butene-1,4-diol and consequent reaction of the adduct with thionyl chloride. Technical endosulfan may be a 7:3 mixture of stereoisomers, selected and β. α- and β-Endosulfan are designed isomers arising from the pyramidical stereochemistry of the tetravalent sulfur.
The World Health Organization calculated that before the substance was prohibited worldwide, annual production was about nine thousand metric tonnes (t) within the early Eighties. From 1980 to 1989, worldwide consumption averaged ten thousand five hundred tonnes p.a., and for the Nineteen Nineties use accrued to twelve,800 tonnes per annum.
UPSC Notes
Well, you must be aware of the fact that Endosulfan is banned in India. India has been one of the most important producers and shoppers of endosulfan. Once the toxicity of the chemical came into the limelight as a result of the causative health problems in Kasargod District, Kerala illegal it in 2001. Later, the Supreme Court prohibited the manufacture, storage, and sale of endosulfan quickly in May 2011. And, by the tip of the year, endosulfan was prohibited permanently.
Endosulfan as a chemical has been within the news for over a decade currently owing to the horrid effects it’s had on individuals, particularly in villages in northern Kerala. Several kids are born with extreme birth defects and reside miserable lives.
It’s necessary to grasp the subject from each atmosphere and a current affairs point of view. This is often additionally a possible space from wherever essays can be asked within the UPSC test. Therefore, you must be aware of the relationship of different topics with India and their effects on society to answer well in the paper.
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Conclusion
Hopefully, you liked this article and have been successful in finding the right information and details for your UPSC exam. If you are looking for the UPSC notes on any other topic or concept, you can find them easily on the UPSC Pathshala website.
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